He hopena koʻikoʻi ka pōʻino o ka radiation o ka pauka graphite i ka hana ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka reactor, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka moena ʻiliʻili kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka neutron moderation ʻo ia ka elastic scattering o nā neutrons a me nā ʻātoma o ka mea hoʻohālikelike, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu i lawe ʻia e lākou i nā ʻātoma o ka mea hoʻohālikelike. He moho hoʻohiki ʻo Graphite powder no nā mea pili i ka plasma no nā reactors nuclear fusion. Hoʻopuka nā mea hoʻoponopono mai Fu Ruite i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka graphite i nā hoʻokolohua nuklea:
Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka neutron fluence, e emi mua ka pauda graphite, a ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i kahi waiwai liʻiliʻi, e emi ana ka shrinkage, e hoʻi i ka nui kumu, a laila e hoʻonui wikiwiki. I mea e hoʻohana pono ai i nā neutrons i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka fission, pono lākou e lohi. Loaʻa nā waiwai wela o ka pauka graphite e ka hoʻāʻo irradiation, a ʻo nā kūlana hoʻāʻo irradiation e like me nā kūlana hana maoli o ka reactor. ʻO kekahi mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā neutrons ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike e hōʻike i nā neutrons e kahe ana mai loko mai o ka nuclear fission reaction zone-core back. ʻO ke ʻano o ka noʻonoʻo neutron ʻo ia ka elastic scattering o nā neutrons a me nā mana o nā mea hoʻonaninani. I mea e hoʻomalu ai i ka poho i hana ʻia e nā haumia i ka pae i ʻae ʻia, ʻo ka pauka graphite i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka reactor he nuklea maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka pauka Nuclear graphite kahi lālā o nā mea pauka graphite i hoʻomohala ʻia e pane i nā pono o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā reactors nuclear fission i nā makahiki 1940 mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he moderator, noʻonoʻo a me nā mea hana i loko o nā reactors hana, nā reactors-cooled a me nā reactors hoʻoluʻu kiʻekiʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻano o ka neutron e hana ana me ka nucleus ka pauku kea, a ʻo ka neutron wela (ka awelika ikehu o 0.025eV) fission cross pauku o U-235 he ʻelua papa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka fission neutron (ʻawelike ikehu o 2eV) fission cross section. . Hoʻonui ka modulus elastic, ikaika a me ka linear expansion coefficient o ka pauka graphite me ka piʻi ʻana o ka neutron fluence, hiki i kahi waiwai nui, a laila emi wikiwiki. I nā makahiki 1940, ʻo ka pauka graphite wale nō i loaʻa ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono kokoke i kēia maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ai kēlā me kēia reactor a me nā reactors hana hope i ka pauda graphite ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike, e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki nuklea.
ʻO ke kī i ka hana ʻana i ka pauka graphite isotropic ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana coke me ka isotropy maikaʻi: coke isotropic a i ʻole macro-isotropic lua coke i hana ʻia mai ka coke anisotropic, a hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻenehana coke lua i kēia manawa. ʻO ka nui o ka pōʻino radiation e pili ana i nā mea maka o ka pauka graphite, ka hana hana, ka neutron wikiwiki a me ka fluence rate, ka mahana wela a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pono ka boron e like me ka pauka graphite nuklea ma kahi o 10 ~ 6.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-18-2022