No ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka flake graphite, aia kahi hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka puke Shuijing Zhu ka mea mua, i ʻōlelo ʻia "he mauna graphite ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai Luoshui". He ʻeleʻele nā pōhaku, no laila hiki ke liʻiliʻi nā puke, no laila kaulana lākou i kā lākou graphite. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike archaeological ma mua o 3,000 mau makahiki i hala ma ka Shang Dynasty, ua hoʻohana ʻo Kina i ka graphite e kākau i nā huaʻōlelo, a hiki i ka hopena o ka Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Ua ho'ololi 'ia ka 'īnika puke me ka 'īnika paka pine. I ka wā ʻo Daoguang o ka Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), ua ʻeli ka poʻe mahiʻai ma Chenzhou, Hunan Province i ka graphite flake i wahie, i kapa ʻia ʻo "oil carbon".
ʻO ka inoa Pelekane ʻo Graphite mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene "graphite in", ʻo ia hoʻi "ke kākau". Ua kapa ʻia ia e ka German chemist a me mineralogist AGWerner i ka makahiki 1789.
ʻO ke kumu molekala o ka flake graphite ʻo C a ʻo kona kaumaha molekala he 12.01. ʻO ka graphite maoli ka hao ʻeleʻele a me ke kila hina hina, me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, metala a me ka opacity. Aia ke aniani i ka papa o nā kristal biconical hexagonal paʻakikī, ʻo ia nā kristal pā hexagonal. ʻO nā ʻano simplex maʻamau, loaʻa nā kolamu ʻaoʻao ʻelua ʻaoʻao, hexagonal biconical a hexagonal, akā kakaikahi ke ʻano aniani paʻa, a maʻamau he ʻano ʻulaʻula a ʻano pā. Nā ʻāpana: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm He ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻano maʻamau, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā ʻātoma kalapona i nā papa, a ua pili like kēlā me kēia kalapona me ke kalapona pili, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kalapona i kēlā me kēia papa i ke apo hexagonal. ʻO nā apo hexagonal o ke kalapona ma ka papa luna a me lalo e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao e like me ka mokulele mesh a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i kahi ʻano papa. ʻO nā kuhikuhi like ʻole a me nā mamao o ka neʻe ʻana e alakaʻi i nā hale polymorphic like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona ma ka papa luna a me lalo ma mua o ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona i ka papa hoʻokahi (CC spacing in layers =0.142nm, CC spacing between layers =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 umekaumaha kiko'ī a me 5-10m2/g ili kiko'ī. He anisotropic ka paakiki, he 3-5 ka papa kuhikuhi pololei, a he 1-2 ka papa kuhikuhi. He scaly, puʻupuʻu a me ka lepo nā agregates. Loaʻa i ka graphite flake maikaʻi ka uila a me ka wela. ʻO ka mineral flakes maʻamau ka opaque ma lalo o ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻo nā flakes lahilahi loa he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hinahina, uniaxial, me kahi kuhikuhi refractive o 1.93 ~ 2.07. Ma lalo o ka mālamalama i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, he ʻeleʻele-hina ʻulaʻula lākou, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka multicolor, Ro hina me ka ʻeleʻele, Re ʻeleʻele uliuli hina, reflectivity Ro23 (ʻulaʻula), Re5.5 (ʻulaʻula), ʻike ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka noʻonoʻo pālua, heterogeneity ikaika a me ka polarization . ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike: hao ʻeleʻele, haʻahaʻa paʻakikī, kahi hui o ka puʻupuʻu maikaʻi loa, hiki ke maʻalahi, manaʻo paheʻe, maʻalahi i nā lima. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana zinc i pulu ʻia e ka solution copper sulfate ma luna o ka graphite, hiki ke hoʻokahe ʻia nā kiko keleawe metala, ʻoiai ʻo ka molybdenite e like me ia ʻaʻohe hopena like.
ʻO ka graphite he allotrope o ke kalapona elemental (ʻo nā allotropes ʻē aʻe he daimana, kalapona 60, carbon nanotubes a me graphene), a ua pili ka ʻaoʻao o kēlā me kēia kalapona kalapona me ʻekolu mau kalapona ʻē aʻe (he plurality o nā hexagons i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi ʻano honeycomb) e hana i ka covalent. nā molekala. No ka mea e hoʻokuʻu ana kēlā me kēia kalapona kalapona i kahi electron, hiki i kēlā mau electrons ke neʻe manuahi, no laila, ʻo ka flake graphite he mea lawe uila. Hoʻomalu ʻia ka mokulele ʻo Cleavage e nā paʻa molekala, a he nāwaliwali ka huki ʻana i nā molekala, no laila maikaʻi loa kona floatability maoli. Ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻopili kūikawā o ka flake graphite, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo ʻo ka flake graphite he aniani a polycrystal hoʻokahi. I kēia manawa, manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka flake graphite he ʻano aniani i hui ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-04-2022